1. The population variance matches the variance of the generating probability distribution. 2. The following estimate only replaces the population variances by the sample variances: 3. To do this, two estimates are made of the population variance . 4. Most intra-population variance of height is genetic. 5. There is " no " assumption that the underlying population variances are equal. 6. For small samples, it is customary to use an unbiased estimator for the population variance . 7. A well-known example arises in the estimation of the population variance by sample variance. 8. This is a closely related identity that is structured to create an unbiased estimate of the population variance 9. I say primitive because the population variance is an expectation, while the population SD is not. 10. Secondly, the sample variance does not generally minimize mean squared error between sample variance and population variance .